Equity in Palliative Care: An Approach Focused on Vulnerable Populations

From left to right: Dr. Naheed Dosani, palliative care physician and expert in care for people experiencing homelessness; Lindsay Yarrow, Senior Program Lead at Health Excellence Canada; Na'kuset, Executive Director of the Native Women’s Shelter of Montreal; Elder Ka'nahsohon Kevin Deer; Dr. Krista Lawlor, palliative care physician at Maison St-Raphaël; Véronique Després, Director of Multidisciplinary Services at Maison St-Raphaël; Justine Lepizzera, Director of Nursing at Maison St-Raphaël; and Dr. Marie-Hélène Marchand, palliative care physician with Projet Maison Mobile.
On Wednesday, February 4, the Day Centre at Maison St-Raphaël hosted an essential training session on equity in palliative care, led by Dr. Naheed Dosani (Healthcare Excellence Canada), Marie-Hélène Marchand (Projet Maison Mobile), and Na’kuset (Native Women’s Shelter of Montreal), three speakers deeply committed to supporting vulnerable populations. With more than sixty participants in attendance, the training explored how to adapt palliative care to meet the needs of vulnerable populations and how to integrate equity into the heart of clinical practice.

End-of-life as a social experience

One of the fundamental principles of the palliative care approach is to view death and the end of life primarily as social experiences, not merely medical ones. This perspective encourages a holistic model of care grounded both in the priorities of the individual receiving care and in the social determinants of health, such as housing, safety, and social support networks. Providing equitable access to palliative care thus becomes a matter of social justice, particularly for people in vulnerable situations.

Challenges Faced by People Experiencing Homelessness

People experiencing homelessness face particularly precarious health conditions, and traditional palliative care models often fail to meet their needs due to rigid eligibility criteria, complex care pathways, mistrust of the healthcare system, and a lack of suitable safe spaces.

Structural barriers also include fragmented services, the invisibility of needs, and staffing constraints. At the same time, care providers often face gaps in training related to equity, harm reduction, and trauma-informed care.

Lessons from Equity-Centered Palliative Care

The training highlighted five key lessons for providing palliative care tailored to vulnerable populations:

  1. Reaching people where they are: Care must be provided in non-traditional settings, such as on the streets, in shelters, or in rooming houses, with mobile and flexible teams that prioritize human connection.
  2. Integrating harm reduction: Harm reduction aligns with the goals of palliative care by respecting autonomy and reducing stigma. Interventions include overdose surveillance, access to naloxone, harm reduction, and non-judgmental support for people who use psychoactive substances.
  3. Leveraging peer support: Peer counselors provide credibility and trust, help overcome stigma, and offer support for grief and spiritual care. They should be provided with paid positions, clear responsibilities, and mentorship.
  4. Linking housing and palliative care: Stable housing is an essential health intervention, ensuring continuity of care, safety, and dignity. Care pathways must be flexible and collaborative, respecting the person’s choices even if they wish to die while homeless
  5. Measuring the right success indicators: Traditional indicators (length of stay, discharge destination) do not reflect equity goals. Measures must include trust, engagement, cultural safety, respect for end-of-life wishes, and the experience of service recipients

The emotional burden associated of end-of-life care is significant. Staff require dedicated spaces for post-intervention discussions, as well as rituals and commemorations. Burnout should not be viewed as a weakness, but rather as a signal calling for a culture that values rest and reflection. For patients, it is essential to respect their wishes, cultural and spiritual preferences, and to build care planning around their understanding of the illness and their trusted support networks.

Equity in palliative care requires rethinking traditional practices to include mobility, flexibility, harm reduction, peer support, and stable housing. A person-centered approach grounded in lived experience, combined with inter-service collaboration, significantly improves the experience of people at the end of life and strengthens social justice in access to palliative care.

The training session on February 4 at Maison St-Raphaël provided a concrete illustration of how these principles can be applied in daily practice to meet the needs of vulnerable populations, while supporting healthcare staff and fostering an inclusive and humane environment.

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